第十版诊疗方案：有哪些新变化？怎样用中医治疗更有效？——国家卫健委组织权威专家解读第十版新冠病毒感染诊疗方案******
新华社北京1月8日电题：第十版诊疗方案：有哪些新变化？怎样用中医治疗更有效？——国家卫健委组织权威专家解读第十版新冠病毒感染诊疗方案
新华社记者李恒、温竞华
国家卫生健康委、国家中医药局1月6日印发《新型冠状病毒感染诊疗方案(试行第十版)》。第十版诊疗方案有哪些新的变化？针对进一步完善中医治疗相关内容，如何用中医治疗更有效？国家卫生健康委组织首都医科大学附属北京中医医院院长刘清泉、北京大学第一医院感染科主任王贵强作出解答。
1.问：第十版诊疗方案的重要变化有哪些？
王贵强：根据奥密克戎毒株致病性特点、流行特征及新药研发进展，第十版诊疗方案重要变化主要体现在以下几个方面：
一是对疾病名称进行了调整，将疾病名称由“新型冠状病毒肺炎”更名为“新型冠状病毒感染”，包括无症状感染者，也包括有症状的轻、中、重和危重等类型。
二是针对重症高风险人群，从原来的60岁及以上调整为65岁及以上，强调65岁及以上没有完成全程疫苗接种的人群是重点关注人群。从目前国内外数据来看，疫苗接种是降低重症和死亡风险的重要因素，没有进行疫苗接种的或未完成全程疫苗接种的老年人、有基础病的高风险人群要继续加强疫苗接种。
在重症高风险人群中，除了有糖尿病、冠心病、高血压等基础疾病的患者、肿瘤患者等，又增加了持续透析人群，这类人群在疫情高峰期也是容易导致重症和死亡风险的人群。
三是不再判定“疑似病例”，“疑似病例”就是临床上有流行病学、临床表现，没有病原学证据，但现在病原学证据已经扩充为新冠病毒核酸检测阳性或者抗原检测阳性都可以作为诊断标准。绝大多数情况下，不会出现因流行病学史、临床表现符合疾病特点但病原学检测较长时间不能明确的情况。
针对老年人等有重症高风险人群明确诊断阳性以后，要及时向社区报备，给予早期干预，密切监测病情变化、进行随访等，做到“关口前移”。
四是调整“出院标准”，不再对感染者出院时核酸检测结果提出要求，由临床医生根据患者新冠病毒感染、基础疾病或其他疾病诊疗及健康恢复状况等进行综合研判。
五是完善了儿童重型病例早期预期预警指标，更关注低龄儿童，尤其是三岁以下儿童，要进行密切监测和随访，比如有神经系统并发症、拒奶等重症倾向的要及时救治。
六是将未全程接种疫苗的老年人加入重症高危人群，将生命体征监测特别是静息和活动后的指氧饱和度监测指标等加入重症早期预警指标。
2.问：第十版诊疗方案提出进一步完善中医治疗相关内容，具体体现在哪些方面？
刘清泉：第十版诊疗方案结合了近三年来，中医药进行边救治、边研究、边总结，形成了较完善的新冠病毒感染治疗方案。
其中，奥密克戎轻型感染者“邪毒疏表”表现明显，如浑身疼、乏力，针对这些症候特点，第十版诊疗方案给出了较明确的治疗方向和方法，更多体现在恢复期的治疗，如患者在恢复期出现明显咳嗽症状，从中医角度来看，即宣肺、止咳、化痰，为医疗机构和医生提供参考。
在重症和危重症救治中，坚持中西医协同救治，如出现严重高热时，西医和中医结合治疗能有效缩短病程；危重症病人出现严重腹胀时，中医称“阳明病”，及时给患者用上通腹泻办法；当患者出现循环衰竭时，西医在使用血管活性药等的同时，中医用益气扶正固脱办法，进行中西医协同救治。(新华网)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
